ABSTRACT
Objective • To establish the transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model of retinal pigment epithelium cells, and investigate the effect and mechanism of lutein on EMT. Methods • ARPE-19 cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups including control group, TGF-β2 group, TGF-β2+lutein group and lutein group. The mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN) and E-cadherin were analyzed by real-time PCR. The protein expression of α-SMA, FN and occludin were assayed by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the change of α-SMA. Meanwhile, Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of pSmad3 in the TGF/Smad signaling pathway. Results • TGF-β2 induced EMT was inhibited by lutein. Lutein decreased the mRNA and protein levels of the mesenchymal markers α-SMA and FN, and increased the expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and occludin (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that lutein can inhibit the conversion of epithelial cells into myofibroblasts. Lutein significantly downregulated the high expression of pSmad3 in TGF-β2 treated ARPE-19 cells (P=0.001). Conclusion • Lutein inhibits TGF-β2 induced EMT by downregulating the expression of pSmad3 in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, indicating it may attenuate subretinal fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the change rule of main chemical components in Asarum heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum seedling during the growing process.Method:Whole seedling samples (one week and two weeks) and the mature plant (three months) of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum were collected and every sample was divided to aerial part (stems and leaves) and underground part (roots).The secondary metabolites were qualitatively identified by HPLC-TOF-MS and the quantitative identification was carried out at the same time with asarinin as index component.Result: A total of 6 known compounds were identified from the underground part of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum as α-asarone (1),N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2),9-methoxyaristolactam Ⅳ(3),asarinin (4),caulesnarinside (6) and chalcononaringenin 2',4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),respectively,the peak area values showed that the contents of these compounds increased gradually with the growth time.A total of 4 known compounds were identified from the aerial part of this herb as N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2),caulesauroneside (5),caulesnarinside (6) or chalcononaringenin 2',4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) and peonidin 3-caffeoylgentiobioside (8).Asarinin was identified only in the underground part of mature plant,its content was 155.4 μg·g-1.Conclusion: The species and contents of secondary metabolites are quite different in the aerial and underground parts of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum.At different growth stages of A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum seedling,the types and contents of secondary metabolites in the same site are also different,while the contents of main components show an increasing trend with the growth time.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiology and clinical features of the critical congenital heart diseases in neonates,and to summarize the main points on pre-operative treatments.Methods We retrospectively analyzed all critical congenital heart disease in newborns admitted to CICU from June 2014to June 2015.Depict entity distribution,the main symptoms,and the key points on their treatments,also the indi-cation of intubation and their operation time were summarized.Results In totally 96cases,transposition of the great artery,with and without the intact ventricle septum,was the biggest category and counts for 49%in our group.Severe cyanosis was the main symptom for 62.5% of all cases.Another key symptom was the heart failure(33.3%).Eight-seven cases were intubated during their treatments,in which 41were intubated as soon as they were admitted and 40cases were done in the first 24hours after their admission.One case died before treatment due to interrupted aortic arch.All the rest received operations during their hospital stay. Conclusion Transposition of great artery is the dominating entity in critical congenital heart diseases in new-borns;severe cyanosis is the main symptom.Treatment should be based on each characteristic anatomy and hemodynamics features.Rigorous and dynamic monitoring on the homeostasis and metabolic index determines the indication of intubation and surgery time.
ABSTRACT
Five purine and carboline alkaloids were isolated from the methanol extract of the ascidian Symplegma oceania. Classic chromatographies including preparative HPLC were used for isolation and purification of the compounds. The structures were established as 6-methoxy-7-methyl-8-oxoguanine (1), 2-methylimino-3-methyl-6-methylamino- 9H-purine (2), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-betacarboline (3), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-beta-carboline (4) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (5) by comparison the spectroscopic data (MS, 1H, 13C-NMR) with those reported in the literatures. Compounds 2-5 were reported from the the genus Symplegma for the first time. The purine and carboline were the major alkaloid types of S. oceania.
Subject(s)
Animals , Alkaloids , Chemistry , Carbolines , Chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Purines , Chemistry , Urochordata , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and summarize the medical treatment experience following separation of thoracopagus conjoined twins.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The clinical manifestations and the medical therapy of a pair of thoracopagus conjoined twins were analyzed. The conjunction of the female twins was from 5 cm above the nipple to the umbilicus. They also suffered from complex congenital heart diseases. At the 17th day of their lives, they were surgically separated. One girl died after the operation, the other survived but experienced heart failure, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction (including liver, blood and kidney et al). In order to protect or maintain the main organ function, the vital signs and the objective indexes were monitored continually, such as blood routine test, C reactive protein, hepatorenal function, bacterial culture, and galactomannan test, blood gas analysis and chest radiogram.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is important to protect the main organ function and prevent or control infection. The early surgical correction of congenital heart disease may contribute to recovery of the children.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Abdomen , Congenital Abnormalities , Abnormalities, Multiple , General Surgery , Thorax , Congenital Abnormalities , Treatment Outcome , Twins, Conjoined , General SurgeryABSTRACT
In this article, the research of chemical constituents and bioactivities in recent ten years has been reviewed of plants from the 12 genera in Flacourtiaceae related to the medicinal resources in China. The research in China about the plants from Flacourtiaceae was done very little, but many literatures have been reported abroad. The plants from Flacourtiaceae mostly contain the constituents such as aromatic glucosides, lignanoid glucosides, diterpenoids and cyclopentenoid cyanohydrin glucosides et al. These compounds or plant extracts mainly show antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities. The research of plants from Carrierea, Itoa and Bennettiodendron of Flacourtiaceae in China is still blank. The systemic research about chemical constituents and bioactivities of plants from these genera will play important roles in the discovery of novel natural products and active constituents, and provide valuable reference for the classifying of plants from these genera.